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Personality Theories Cattell And Hans Eysenck - 3001 Words

Introduction Personality theories are considered significant, and potentially even foundational, in the field of psychology. The following is a comparative analysis of the work two experts provided through personality theories, targeting the work of Raymond Cattell and Hans Eysenck. Cattell furthered previous work in the area of personality, developing a 16 factor model that would be used as the foundation of instrumentation still sometimes used today. His theoretical underpinnings are also considered contributory and valuable. Eysenck’s later work was considered to be more sophisticated, but he placed more emphasis on fewer factors as instruments were developed through his theoretical work as well. The contributions of both theorists are regarded as progressive and worth examining in studies of personality theory and psychology. Overall, through this work, the nature of similarities and differences of the theorists’ contributions and ideas are evident. Cattell’s Work in Personality Theory Raymond Cattell contributed to personality theory and psychology through his proposal of a model for personality that uses 16 factors. Namely, the 16 factors established by Cattell included warmth, reasoning, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractedness, private-ness, openness to change, self-reliance, perfectionism, and tension. There are descriptors of low and high range for each factor. For example, for theShow MoreRelatedCosta And Mccrae s Five Factor Theory Of Personality And Eysenck s Pen Theory1496 Words   |  6 PagesMcCrae’s Five Factor theory of personality and Eysenck’s PEN theory have been the subject of significant research in an effort to better understand human personality. This paper focuses on two opposing theories: Costa and McCrae’s Five Factor model, a lexically-based theory with five factors, and Eysenck’s PEN model , a biologically-based theory with three core traits of personality. Utilizing factor analysis, Raymond Cattell (1946) recognized 16 personality factors (16pf). Cattell believed each individualRead MoreIs The Theory Of Basis Data Scientific?1163 Words   |  5 Pagesto establish the traits does not include a large and diverse sample. The theorists who did collect data collected it from individuals whose personalities supported their theories. Raymond Cattell collected three types of data: L-data (behavior in everyday situations), Q-data (self-reported questionnaires), and OT-data (objective tests). With the data, Cattell ran a factor analysis and if the data correlated, they would be clustered together to create a factor. The majority of the data he collectedRead MoreTrait Differences Of Raymond Cattell And Hans Eysenck931 Words   |  4 PagesRaymond Cattell was one of the pioneer trait theorists. He was a strong advocate of the trait approach to human personality. As trait theorists, Raymond Cattell and Hans Eysenck, their primary interest is in the measurement of traits or the patterns/habits of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions. He followed the footsteps of psychologist Gordon Allport but differed from Allport’s belief that the human personality is composed of several hundred personality traits. Cattell believed in a defined rangeRead MoreCriminology : Types Of Criminal Personality1362 Words   |  6 Pagescriminal personality? The term personality is used to define and describe the temperament and emotional attributes of a person. (S. Jones 2016). These behaviors are consistent and influence a person’s behavior so that a person may be compelled to act in the manner almost daily. The term criminal personality means a person who is of the nature to commit crime due to their temperament, ways of thinking, feeling and acting. In this paper there will be various examples and criminal personality. Criminology:Read MoreEssay on Theories of Personality525 Words   |  3 Pages1960, personality has emerged as major field of specialization among doctoral candidates (Vance Macphail, 1964). Many investigations have been accomplished followed by literature on a variety of theories of personality. The importance on individual differences and distinctiveness of the individual are the most frequent features of the study of personality. There is a guarantee that each person’s profile is different from that of another person and thus, each person has unique personality (AllportRead MoreThe Trait Theory Of Personality Essay778 Words   |  4 PagesESSAY TOPIC: Describe the trait theory of personality. Select one â€Å"factor† or â€Å"trait† from a prominent trait theory and discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of someone who strongly exhibits this trait. 1. Introduction Traits are described as the unique and constant characteristic tendencies that shape and influence a person’s mood and behaviour (Ewen 2013, p. 110; Olesen, Thomsen O’Toole 2015, p. 45). Prominent personality psychologists Gordon Allport, authored the first American reviewRead MoreGordon Allport, Cattell, And Costa And Mcraes Five Factor Model1180 Words   |  5 PagesPersonality is important as it expresses who we are and the way in which we communicate with our surroundings. There are multiple theories to personality and some of which are very influential by Gordon Allport, Raymond Cattell, Hans Eysenck and Costa and McRae’s Five-Factor Model (also known as the Big 5). A significant psychologist, Sigmund Freud argues that most personality is fixed from around five years old and many psychologists agree with him today. Numerous people want to change their personalityRead MorePsychology, Trait Theory And The Study Of Human Personality Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesIn psychology, trait theory (also called dispositional theory) is an approach to the study of human personality. Trait theorists are primarily interested in the measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion.[1] According to this perspective, traits are relatively stable over time, differ across individuals (e.g. some people are outgoing whereas others are shy), and influence behavior. Traits are in contrast to states which are more transitory dispositionsRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality Psychology1292 Words   |  6 Pages Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the differences between people’s behaviors in terms of patterns, cognitions, and emotion. Personality psychology has been around for centuries, since Hippocrates’ Four Humors. Personality psychology has taken on many forms and has continued to develop throughout the centuries. Personality psychology is also developed with and from other fields of psychology like child development, behavioral, cognitive, and few others. PersonalityRead MorePersonality Theory And Personality Theories1845 Words   |  8 PagesIt is important for psychologists to understand the factors of personality to understand cognitive, emotional and behavioural characteristics required when treating clients. Personality is described as a range of characteristic that controls the way a person thinks, feels and acts that deliver coherence and direction in one’s life. A group of theorists once said, â€Å"each of us is in a certain respect like all other people, like some other people and like no other person who has lived in the past or

Language Programs free essay sample

A look at English language programs developed in three states which provide assistance to disadvantaged students. This paper examines the programs developed by three different states Florida, Texas and California to help educate students with limited English proficiency, looking at both the technical aspects of each program and the larger educational philosophy espoused by each bilingual program. The challenge of bilingual education which can also be phrased as the challenge of educating students with limited English proficiency is a complex one, for it is not a matter simply of teaching grammar and syntax, not simply a question of instilling an appreciation for nuance and vocabulary choice. For in almost every case, the students who are the subject of bilingual education come from less educationally privileged students. Those students who are not proficient in English are often poor and often immigrants and therefore in need of a variety of services, training, and education. We will write a custom essay sample on Language Programs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They often have to learn about American culture and American legal and governmental systems as well as learning the English language. Making the challenge of bilingual education even greater, those who have grown up in poverty either in a country other than the United States or in the U.S. itself are often poorly educated in their own language. Some may not be literate in any language. In other words, they lack nearly all of the advantages of the middle-class, white, native speaker of English (Tabors 21-28).

Public Education in USA

Introduction The United States of America is the nation that controls the economy of the world. Consequently, the USA is the founder of equality. Despite its efforts however, the nation is currently facing problems in its education system. Ironically, the US government comes up with a new idea almost every decade that are parenthetical good but they are not as effective in practice.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Education in USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main question that comes up as a result is, who it to blame for this? In the United States of America, the government controls the education system. Due to this fact, I believe that due to its institutional inefficiencies, the American government has failed to successfully manage the education system in America. As a result, there is a huge disparity between the education that is offered in public schools and the one offered in private school. In practice, private school education in the United States of America is of a higher quality as compared to the education offered in public schools. With regards to these factors, this paper will thus focus on the role played by the United States government in the declining quality of education that is offered in public schools. Failure of Public Education in America In the United States of America, many people believe that the lack of results in the main problem that the public education in the USA is facing. This allegation is true since the standards of education in public schools are relatively lower as compared to private schools. Therefore, many people do not place high expectations on students who attend public schools in the United States. As Chubb (1990) asserted, setting up rules and regulations in the United States is considered a bigger priority as compared to the analysis of results and coming up with measures that would ultimately improve the quality of education in p ublic schools (6). Thus, from this argument, it is evident that public education in the United States has failed not due to the poor performance of students but as a result of the policies that have been put in place to ensure that public schools in the United States operate in an effective and efficient manner. In the United States, the government determines the policies that will be implemented either directly or indirectly (Chubb 8). Therefore, the government is to blame for the poor performance by the students in public schools and not the students themselves. Since the end of the Second World War, the US government has put extensive efforts in reforming the education system of the nation. Through school reform programs, the US government aimed at developing an education system that will carter for the needs of its citizens ensure its sustainability in the short run and in the long run.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, most of the policies and measures that have been developed and implemented have failed to meet these needs. The approach that the policy makers used to develop and implement these measures has always been poor. Measures such as school centralization, progressive education, and incorporation of ICT in education by introducing computers in the classroom were brilliant ideas. However, they were proposed and implemented with proper analysis of the educational needs of the country and the impacts that they might have on education. As a result, these and many other measures have failed to meet the needs and requirements that they had been implemented to achieve. Despite realizing its mistakes and coming up with effective measures, the government is still utilizing the same rudimentary techniques in the school reformation process up to the present moment (Hood 7). Thus, policy development and implementation in public schools in the USA is cha racterized by misdiagnosis of the needs of public education and blame shifting during the times of failure. More importantly, the government has failed to address the cultural and social trends within the classroom that have greatly deteriorated since the beginning of the 1960s. These trends have greatly affected the relationship that students have with their teachers and the relationship between the parents and the teachers. In the contemporary world, students do not respect their teachers as they did several decades ago. Consequently, parents always blame the teachers for the poor performance by the students without the realization of the limited resources that they have to work with in the process of teaching. Institutional Problems Facing Public Schools The operation of public schools is usually characterized by external influences from various agencies and government bodies. As a result, the rules and regulations in public schools are rigid from external forces such as supervis ors are responsible for their development and implementation. This trend reduces the power that the internal management of a school has. Therefore, it is difficult for public schools to hire or fire teachers or any other employee as a measure of improving their performance. According to Smith (1995), it is difficult for principals to achieve high standards of performance when their staff comprise of individuals who are not fit for the job and they do not have the power nor the mandate to fire them or hire new ones (122). In most cases, such institutions will be characterized by conflicts between institution heads and their staff and among staff members.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Education in USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This greatly reduces the effectiveness and efficiency of operations resulting in poor performance that is a characteristic of public schools in the USA. The government should therefore decentralize the management of public schools to give institutional heads and managers more power to run their institutions. This will greatly increase the efficiency of public education since institutional heads will have the opportunity to select a workforce that works to meet the vision, mission, goals, and objectives of public education in the USA. The civil service system also plays a significant role in the poor performance of public schools in the United States of America. Since the beginning of the 20th century, most of the employees in public schools are unionized individuals who are employed by the government. Due to the guarantee of tenure that such individuals have, it is difficult for them to increase their performance to meet the needs of public education. Furthermore, lack of accountability is another factor that has greatly reduced employee performance in public schools. To overcome this problem, private firms should provide employment in public education to meet their specific needs and requirements. These firms should strive to achieve efficiency and accountability from their employees. As a result, teachers and other personnel in the public sector will improve their performance and output to meet the needs and requirements of their employers as well as the requirements of public education. Monotony is another problem that public education is facing in the United States. Like other employees, teachers in public schools will be motivated with incentives and rewards (Hood 12). However, the government has failed to realize this need. Thus, due to lack of incentives, teachers are not motivated to work harder to improve the performance of students in public schools that has been deteriorating with time. Thus, the government should come up with measures and systems that reward hard working teachers and public schools. This move will increase the engagement of teachers in public education and competition among public schools while strivin g for excellence. In the long run, this strategy will greatly improve the quality of public education. Finally, the presence of centralized decision-making mechanism has greatly hindered the efficiency of operations in public schools. As it has been discussed, the government is the main decision maker with regards to the policies, rules, and regulations that affect public schools. Through its personnel and auxiliary bodies, the government develops rules and regulations that are to be implemented at the school level by institutional heads and their staff.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, since they were not involved in the decision making process, school heads, and their staff are always reluctant in implementing these rules and regulations to the latter. Thus, the decision making process should be decentralized to ensure that these individuals are involved in the making of measures, rules, and policies that they are to implement. This will greatly improve the efficiency of operations in public schools hence increasing their overall performance. Conclusion The quality of public education has greatly declined over the last several decades. Despite the fact that many people believe that it is the students who have failed to improve their performance, this paper has identified that indeed it is the government that has failed to put in place measures that are effective in meeting the educational needs of the public. Thus, the government needs to address issues that relate to the management of public schools to improve the quality of education hence meeting the educational needs of the greatest nation in the world. Works Cited Chubb, John. Politics, Markets and America’s Schools. New Jersey: Brookings Institution Press, 1990. Print. Hood, John 1993, The Failure of American Public Education. Web. https://fee.org/articles/the-failure-of-american-public-education#axzz2K0a7QuvY Smith, Kevin. The Case against School Choice: Politics, Markets, and Fools. New York: M.E Sharpe, 1995. Print. This essay on Public Education in USA was written and submitted by user Pyro to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Verbal Learning Research Paper Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Verbal Learning Research Paper Essay, Research Paper Verbal Learning 1 Runing caput: Comparison of High and Low Similarity Verbal Comparison of High and Low Similarity Verbal Learning Retention in College Students Jenny A. Rosario Hunter College in City University of New York Verbal Learning 2 Method Participants The participants were 1 white male and 1 black female ages 21 and 26, severally. The male participant, who was tested with the High Similarity ( HS ) status, knew four linguistic communications ( Russian, Polish, Gallic and English ) . The female participant, tested with the Low Similarity ( LS ) status, knew two linguistic communications ( English and Gallic ) . Although both participants were college pupils, they varied in the figure of old ages they had been in school, the male was an undergraduate junior and the female was working on her 2nd unmarried mans. Both participants were honor pupils. The concluding consequences for this experiment were all of the informations pooled from the pupils in my experimental category. We will write a custom essay sample on Verbal Learning Research Paper Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Each pupil contributed two extra participants to the experiment. These participants were 13 males and 13 females runing in ages from 15 to 44 old ages olds ( M = 25 ) . Education ranged from 12 old ages to 23 old ages of school ( M = 15.2 ) . One-half of these participants were given the HS undertaking and the other half were given the LS undertaking. As it turns out, the group given the HS undertaking were older ( M =27 ) and more educated ( M =16.28 ) than the group that was given the LS undertaking ( M =23 old ages old and M =14.14 old ages of instruction ) . Apparatus Before the experiment, I prepared 11stimuli cards with one of the undermentioned bunk syllable in each: FAP, ZET, KIB, XEL, ROF, GEV, LOZ, BEX, NAJ, WEM and PIV in that order. I prepared a 2nd set of 11 cards I would subsequently utilize merely with the Verbal Learning 3 participant making the HS status. These were paired words where on one side I wrote the brace of words and on the other side I merely wrote the first stimulation word. The words were paired in the undermentioned mode: DOG-GAK, TAN-XOM, CAR-VUR, BAT-SEJ, WAR-DEH, BUN-KAL, NET-TEG, HOG-XEN, FIN-YEC, GUN-LOF, and PAD-BIW. All syllable words were manus printed on 3 # 215 ; 5in index cards, 22 cards in all were used. I besides prepared, on regular lined paper, instructions and topographic points where each participant could compose down any necessary replies, or usage as scrap paper for the LS status. Aside from that, the merely other point used was a ticker with a 2nd manus to maintain path of clip. Procedure To get down the experiment, I met with each participant ( at separate times ) in a quiet room where the participant could sit comfortably and concentrate for the experiment. Before we began, I asked each topic to subscribe an informed consent. Both topics agreed to the conditions and signed the signifier. I so sat across from the participant at a tabular array ( about 3ft off ) , asked the topic if they were ready, and began demoing them the first list of words. In my HS and LS status, I displayed each card for 4 sec one time and asked the participant to expect what the following card would be before I presented it. I manually recorded each of the responses the participant gave me. I continued to reiterate the list until the participant successfully predicted the list one time. To my HS participant, I proceeded to demo the 2nd list with the mated word-nonsense word. After showing the list one time, I turned the cards over, showed the participant the stimulation word and asked the participant to state me what the mated word was. In this portion Verbal Learning 4 of the experiment, nevertheless, there was a 15min clip bound, irrespective of whether the participant could memorise the list. Once the 15mins were up, I gave my participant a sheet and asked him to name all the words that he could retrieve from the original list. As it happened, my participant was able to correctly remember all 11 words, had he been unsuccessful, I would hold had to re-teach him the list and enter how many tests it took him to relearn it. To my LS participant, I asked her to name all premier figure from 1-100. Because she finished this exercising before the 15min were up, I had her do assorted add-on and division jobs utilizing the premier Numberss. When the clip was up, I handed her a piece of paper and asked her to compose down every bit many words as she could remember from the list she had memorized. Once that was done, and because she successfully recalled all 11 words, I thanked her and informed her that the experiment was over. Consequences The consequences that follow are based on the informat ion gathered from the whole category. An alpha degree of.05 was used for all statistical trials. With that in head, I found there was no important difference in the figure of tests it took for the HS ( M=9.71, SD=4.2 ) and LS ( M=10.43, SD=3.75 ) groups to larn the words, T ( 26 ) = -0.456, P = 0.651, two-tail. Besides, there wasn’t any important difference in the figure of points recalled after the distraction period for the HS ( M= 9.36, SD=1.67 ) and LS ( M= 9.71, SD=1.28 ) ; T ( 26 ) = -0.61, P = 0.546, two-tailed. In add-on, there besides was no important difference between the HS ( M=2.21, SD=1.03 ) and LS ( M=1.93, SD=1.61 ) in the figure of tests it took for them to Verbal Learning 5 re-learn the original list: T ( 26 ) = 0.538, P = 0.595, two-tailed. However, there was a important difference in instruction where T = 2.325, P = 0.028, but there was no important difference for age, T ( 26 ) = 1.858, P = 0.075. Both my participants showed no important difference in nest eggs ( both at 100 % nest eggs ) . For the whole group, although the LS ( M=78.26 ) had a higher nest eggs than HS ( M=69.92 ) , there was no significance at that place either with T ( 26 ) = -1.002, P = 0.326. Discussion Although old informations suggest that important difference should hold been found between both groups ( Walker, 1996 ) , I was unable to demo that in this experiment. In fact the lone topographic point where I did happen important difference was in seeing if my groups matched to get down with. Unfortunately that information did non assist. I found that although participants of the HS were more educated so the LS group, they did non performed better at the undertaking in acquisition, callback or relearning. In the country of nest eggs, I did happen that the LS group had a somewhat higher economy, nevertheless, non plenty for significance and neither were there any difference in age for the two groups. Interestingly, both my participants commented now how they each had awful memories, yet both showed 100 % nest eggs in the callback undertaking. I decided to split the participants harmonizing to types of occupations, as seen in figure 5 and found that a greater figure of participants with # 8216 ; trade type # 8217 ; occupations were in the LS group, but this did non look to take down their tonss as an norm. In figure 1, we see that that form of the curve is similar to the one shown by Walker ( 1996 ) . In other words, the mean figure of mistakes were low at the beginning Verbal Learning 6 and at the terminal of the list but high in-between. My 2nd participant was able to acquire a low figure of mistakes on certain words mediate due to the types of words they were. For illustration I noticed that for the 5th word, ROF, she merely miss twice. I believe that was due to the fact that it came after XEL which sounds really much like a plan which she uses a batch as a secretary. This is an illustration of the Von Restorff consequence. It is extremely plausible that # 8216 ; XEL # 8217 ; was non significantly noticeable to the remainder of the participants, hence, they didn # 8217 ; t see the same consequence. Another interesting note, I think, is that although my 1st participant took 15 tests to larn the original set of syllables, he was able to memorise the 2nd set in merely 4 tests taking me to believe that possibly some pupils would execute better in a paired-association undertaking. Finally, in comparing figures 2, 3, and 4, we can see a tendency in the way of the graphs, although non tantamount in form. Figures two and three are from my two participants and figure 4 is an estimated mean larning curve for all the information gathered. Participant # 1 closely follows figure 2, nevertheless participant # 2 # 8217 ; s curve was less predictable ( she besides admitted after the trial that she wasn # 8217 ; t experiencing good and that she had a concern ) . As a concluding note I must state that I would non swear some of the analysis done on these informations collected since 6 participants were declared to hold successfully completed 11 points recalled and so listed as holding an # 8216 ; x figure # 8217 ; of tests to relearn the undertaking. Obviously there is an mistake someplace on the portion of the experimenter, unluckily that most likely had an consequence on my consequences. Verbal Learning 7 Verbal Learning 8 Figure Caption Figure 1. Group information of mistake vs. point positioning Figure 2. Learning curve for participant # 1 Figure 3. Learning curve for participant # 2 Figure 4. Learning curve for all 28 participants. Figure 5. Frequency of participants in different types of businesss. Bibliography Mentions Walker, JT. ( 1996 ) . Verbal acquisition. The psychological science of larning ( pp212-231 ) . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Hitler and WWII essays

Hitler and WWII essays There are many factors that contributed to the German successes in WWII. One important factor is their sudden massive attacks, a.k.a. blitzkrieg, which they used to capture territory such as Poland. Bombers of the German luftwaffe attacked Norway, which also fell to Germans within 2 days. Next, Hitler aimed for France. Using the blitzkrieg, German troops captured Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. Hitler was able to capture the northern 2/3 of France. Hitlers success was basically due to his well-thought out strategies of sneak attacks, along with the luftwaffe bombers to knock out defensives. Hitler tried but was unable to capture Britain, despite Britains inferior military force. Although disappointed, Hitler moved on to capture Yugoslavia and Greece. With the Balkans in his power, Hitler decided he was ready for war with the USSR. The high point of Germany was considered the time before the attack on Russia. If Hitler had conquered Russia and then Great Britain, he would have achieved total victory. A major turning point in the war was Hitlers attack on the Soviet Union. The invasion of Russia led German troops to disaster. Although completely surrounded by German troops and forced into starvation, the Russians refused to surrender. Meanwhile at Moscow, other German troops met stiff resistance from Soviet troops. They also faced the brutal cold of a Soviet Winter. The Germans, dressed only in summer uniforms, were not ready for the cold. Hitler refused to retreat and forced German troops to face the harsh winter conditions. The Soviets, however, were well prepared for the winter warfare. When spring came, the Germans took the offensive, but not for long. After the Battle of Stalingrad, where Russian forces defeated the Germans, the Germans were on the defensive. Soviet tanks and artillery hammered Hitlers armies. German military leaders were starting to realize what Hitler refused to admit...

How changes in purchasing of video games influenced on UK students Coursework

How changes in purchasing of video games influenced on UK students - Coursework Example Piracy affects most media related industries but the computer game industry is seemingly more affected prompting an evaluation of measures employed by game makers to prevent piracy. A research survey conducted by Internet’s Advertising Bureau (IAB) revealed that almost half of UK, population play video games on an IP connected device (Davies, 2011). This implies that there are high numbers of people participating in video games hence increasing the market potential. However, despite this increased demand, profit margins in the computer games industry are relatively low. The research by Davies reveals that there is little advertising on video games by the producers. Effective advertising makes sense of the set price of a product thereby prompting people to buy without paying much consideration to the price. According to Park and Lee, gamers are bound to purchase items they find to be valuable (2011). This implies that creation of value through advertising may increase chances of purchasing video games rather than depending on free downloads. Additionally, game publishers and developers are seemingly adamant to pursue legal frameworks to curb piracy. This is in comparison to other media related industries such as recording and movie industries (Holm). This reduced indulgence in legal frameworks may contribute to increased engagement in piracy activities. According to Liang and Phau, moral judgment and self-efficacy have little impact on engagement in piracy activities. Furthermore, Liang and Phau argue that campaigns creating awareness of the implications of piracy may reduce piracy rates (2012). However, it is also important to pay attention to the set prices for video games to reduce free download preference. According to Cox, this may be done by targeting the purchasing power parity to ensure that the price range is balanced across the globe